"This article examines the distinctive and often overlooked usage of the phrase "the holy city" in the Gospel of Matthew (4:5 and 27:53), challenging the prevailing scholarly view that treats the term merely as ironic. By contrasting Matthew’s depiction with the apocalyptic, otherworldly cities found in Revelation and Second Temple literature, this study argues that the First Gospel presents "the holy city" as a practical and political alternative to the corrupt, Roman-affiliated Jerusalem. The analysis demonstrates how Matthew strategically situates the phrase during the devil’s wilderness temptation and the resurrection of the saints to articulate a counter-narrative to the Temple-state and imperial power. Ultimately, the article contends that this twofold usage functions not only to critique existing authority but to affirm a realized vision of justice and hope for the Matthean community."
