Justice and the Parables of Jesus

I am excited to have received the best possible answer from my editor, who reviewed my final manuscript:

Greetings. I've just read your manuscript. Thank you! I love the structure, it hangs together well, it'll be accessible for seminarians, and it's inspiring—I think it'll encourage readers to learn more about justice and the parables. I'm very, very pleased with it. And good work on the discussion questions.
...
I'd like to discuss the title. Would you be open to that? I wonder if you'd consider this: "Justice and the Parables of Jesus: Interpreting the Gospel Stories through Political Philosophy." ... Once again, thank you for your work on this excellent manuscript. T&T Clark will be proud to publish it.

CONTENTS (PDF)

This book explores Jesus’s parables from the perspective of political philosophy, focusing on a crucial question about justice: "What is the right thing to do?" The parables illustrate the life issues and complexities of justice in first-century Palestine, presenting a radical vision of God's reign that challenges the prevailing values and justice system of the Roman Empire.

The book delves into the multifaceted themes of justice found in these parables, aiming to reveal nuanced interpretations and the moral intricacies woven into the narratives. Readers can engage with various parables through the lens of justice, with chapters organized according to specific interests. Each chapter includes thought-provoking discussion questions designed to encourage critical dialogue and reflection.

Ultimately, this volume seeks to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and advocating for justice in the modern world, providing an indispensable resource for scholars, theologians, and anyone interested in the teachings conveyed through parables.

Nature's Embrace

   

Memorable quotes from the book MIND

Daniel J. Siegel, MIND: A Journey to the Heart of Being Human (Norton, 2017).

"By mind, I mean all that relates to our subjective felt experience of being alive, from feelings to thoughts, from intellectual ideas to inner sensory immersions before and beneath words, to our felt connections to other people and our planet. And mind also refers to our consciousness, the experience we have of being aware of this felt sense of life, the experience of knowing within awareness." (1)

"Mind is the essence of our fundamental nature, our deepest sense of being alive, here, right now, in this moment." (1)

"Yet beyond consciousness and its knowing within awareness of our subjective felt sense of being alive, mind may also involve a larger process, one that connects us to each other and our world. This important process is a facet of mind that may be hard to measure, but is nevertheless a crucial aspect of our lives we'll explore in great depth in the journey ahead." (1)

"Though we may not be able to quantify in numerical terms these facets of our mind at the heart of the experience of being here in this life, this intrinsically felt subjective phenomenon of living, and the ways we can feel our connections to one another and the world, are subjective phenomena that are real. These non-measurable facets of the reality of life have many names. Some call this our essence. Some call this our core, soul, spirit, or true nature. I simply call this mind." (1-2).

SUMMARY

-The definition of mind has to do with energy and information flow, which is embodied and relational.
-The major symptoms: rigidity and chaos.
-The main solution would be integration, which is "more like a fruit salad than a smoothie" (87).
-Use bottom-up (conduit) and top-down (constructor) together in a sense of balance.
"We stop seeing clearly because we know so much." (p. 130).
"All we have is now" (p. 251).
-The concept of self-organization.
-Four facets of the mind: information processing, subjective experience, consciousness, and self-organization.
-Neuroplasticity may be improved through mindfulness, awareness, attention, and presence. The importance of awe/openness to possibilities (287).
-9 aspects of integration (p. 90--)
-8 senses

Daniel J. Siegel, MIND: A Journey to the Heart of Being Human, p. 82

Daniel J. Siegel, MIND: A Journey to the Heart of Being Human, p. 87

Daniel J. Siegel, MIND: A Journey to the Heart of Being Human, p. 130

Because we know so much

We need both knowledge and experience. Neither remains constant all the time. The key is to strike a balance and integrate them effectively. Sometimes, our prior knowledge or experience prevents us from facing the bare facts or reality. We must let our minds be free, allowing our senses to do their work.

Ancient philosophers, such as Laozi and Confucius, warn against human arrogance. Confucius says: "If you know it, you know it. If you don't know it, you don't know it; that is knowledge." (Analects 2:17: 知之爲知之, 不知爲不知, 是知也).

He also notes that a wise person is flexible, just like water (Analects 6:23: 知者樂水, 知者動).

Laozi remarks that the wise person acknowledges their own ignorance and observes small things, such as dust. (Daodejing 71: 知不知上, 不知知病; also Daodejing 52: 見小曰明).

One of the early beliefs in Buddhism is anicca, 諸行無常, which means that all things are impermanent. Socrates is known for his humility, which allowed him to see clearly because he did not possess hubris.

"Vanity of vanities, says the Teacher, vanity of vanities! All is vanity." (Eccl. 1:2; cf Gen 3:9).
*Note: The Hebrew word "hebel" (הֶבֶל) means "breath or vapor." Vanity is not the only translation of this word. The idea of "hebel" suggests that everything is transient.

SEE my other posts related to this topic:

-Cross-cultural wisdom  

-Embracing Uncertainty

["We stop seeing clearly because we know so much." Daniel Siegel, MIND, 130]

Here I am, Lord!

I worked for a company called LG in the 1990s. I lived in Panama with my family. I traveled frequently throughout Latin America. I liked the food, people, and culture of Latin America. I also enjoyed traveling to the Caribbean. My daughters were young from the age of 3 to 5. I lived there for three years and moved to Miami, Florida, USA. Then, I worked there for almost two years and quit my job to pursue theological education. So our family went to Chicago, and I studied at McCormick Theological Seminary. Then, I went to Vanderbilt University for a PhD program in New Testament studies.

After completing my PhD program at Vanderbilt, I got a new job as an Assistant Professor of New Testament at Virginia Union University. Since then, I have been teaching for almost 20 years. I was promoted to Full Professor in 2021. I am still here, Lord. Thanks.

God is love. If you ask where God is, I can say he is not in heaven alone but here and everywhere. Indeed, God is the source of our life. Wherever you go, whatever you do, God is always with you. We must be mindful of God's presence in our lives. We must feel it at every moment. God is not an idea but the power that enables us to live abundantly.

—Spanish Version—
Trabajé para una empresa llamada LG en los años 1990. Viví en Panamá con mi familia. Viajé mucho a América Latina. Me gustaba la comida, la gente y la cultura de América Latina. También disfruté viajar al Caribe. Mis hijas eran pequeñas desde los 3 a los 5 años. Viví allí durante tres años y me mudé a Miami Florida, Estados Unidos. Luego trabajé allí durante casi dos años y dejé mi trabajo para seguir una educación teológica. Entonces nuestra familia se fue a Chicago y yo estudié en el Seminario Teológico McCormick. Luego, fui a la Universidad de Vanderbilt para realizar un programa de doctorado en estudios del Nuevo Testamento.

Tras completar mi doctorado en Vanderbilt, conseguí un nuevo trabajo como profesor adjunto de Nuevo Testamento en la Universidad Virginia Union. Desde entonces, he impartido clases durante casi 20 años. Me ascendieron a profesor titular en 2021. Sigo aquí, Señor. Gracias.

Dios es amor. Si preguntas dónde está Dios, puedo decir que no está sólo en el cielo sino aquí y en todas partes. De hecho, Dios es la fuente de nuestra vida. Donde quiera que vayas, hagas lo que hagas, Dios siempre está contigo. Debemos ser conscientes de la presencia de Dios en nuestras vidas. Debemos sentirlo en cada momento. Dios no es una idea sino el poder que nos permite vivir en abundancia.

Sacred Tension

 Book Review

Sacred Tension: Embracing Dissonance and Dialogue in the Old Testament by William P. Brown
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

This well-written book offers fundamental yet crucial insights and interpretations of the Old Testament. It covers critical topics such as the creation story, the nature of God, and theodicy. Brown argues that Scripture should be read dialogically, respecting its diversity and dissonance. The Bible is not a single book! It contains a collection of diverse authors, crafted over a thousand years. The implication is that the reader determines the ultimate significance of the text. This book is a valuable resource for serious readers of the Bible.

-------------

"Biblical truths are often more timely than timeless, shaped by the context in which they are read and understood" (231).

All things express a kind of contextual truth, which does not dominate all other viewpoints. For example, in early narratives of the Old Testament, for instance, in the Decalogue (Exod 20:5-6; c.f. 34:6-7), there are ideas about transgenerational punishment. But later prophets like Jeremiah and Ezekiel rebut such views. Jeremiah dared to speak: "But all shall die for their own sins" (Jer 31:30). Likewise, Ezekiel clearly states the following (Ezek 18:2-4): 

2 What do you mean by repeating this proverb concerning the land of Israel, “The parents have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge”? 3 As I live, says the Lord God, this proverb shall no more be used by you in Israel. 4 Know that all lives are mine; the life of the parent as well as the life of the child is mine: it is only the person who sins who shall die.

In earlier times, the emphasis was on collective identity and responsibility. But in later times, the most felt need was to rebuild the community through a new covenant. For this purpose, individual empowerment and agency became significant. 

View all my reviews

summer reading

My ordered books have arrived, and I am excited! I am thirsty for understanding, especially the mind‘s work. These books promise to fulfill my expectations. Everything is progressing as planned, and this summer will be filled with the thrill of reading these titles. I write notes in the margins, underlining key words, and leaving reflections as I go along. For me, reading is a way to engage with myself.

To be prolific

To be prolific, three elements are needed: fresh ideas, quality time, and sufficient health. I am still good and blessed with all of these. 
Visit this page for the list of my future book projects.

Joy of Professor and Scholar

As a professor, I am careful about the materials I present to my students, seeking fresh books and ideas to enhance their learning experience. As a scholar, I enjoy delving into texts, finding joy in discovering new ways of reading and uncovering deep structures that offer valuable insights into our lives.

I am working on the Lord's Prayer and have developed a new way of interpreting it. This approach incorporates eclectic techniques such as formal literary analysis focusing on poetic parallelism, theological interpretation, and interdisciplinary strategies that draw from psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. I have created a diagram to illustrate this approach, which serves as a blueprint for my book. I keep pushing myself, envisioning the ultimate fruit of this ongoing endeavor.

See the world wider, think critically, and act boldly

To truly make a difference, one must step back and see the world from a broader perspective. This expanded vision allows us to identify opportunities and challenges that might go unnoticed otherwise. Coupled with critical thinking, it enables us to analyze situations thoughtfully and make informed decisions instead of impulsive choices. Finally, acting boldly—guided by insight and confidence—turns those insights into impactful actions. Together, these elements create a powerful approach for leadership, innovation, and personal growth, allowing us to navigate complex issues with clarity and purpose.

Immanuel Kant

 

Abstract ideas require concrete references to avoid becoming hollow. Likewise, valuable intuitions need a solid theoretical foundation to avoid being misled. Immanuel Kant, often viewed as the father of modernity, critiques the overestimation of human reason by acknowledging its limitations. While we can comprehend certain realities, known as phenomena, there are aspects of existence, referred to as noumena or "things-in-themselves," that are beyond our understanding. These include concepts like divine matters and heaven, which remain perpetually inaccessible. 

Ultimately, we need to strike a balance between logical reasoning and practical experience to make sound decisions.

In fact, Kant-like thinkers existed long before him. Confucius and Laozi from China, in the 5th to 6th centuries BCE, expressed similar ideas about knowledge and its limitations.

The Burning Bush and Divine Revelation

אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה (Exod 3:14)

"I am that I am" (my translation)

Other translations: "I will be what I will be." "I am who I am" in the sense that "I am the one who exists forever" (Philo's Hellenistic interpretation).

The name YHWH (Tetragrammaton) derives from the above verse; most likely, from hayah ("to be"). In the burning bush in Exodus 3, God defies Moses' request to know his name. Instead, he says: "I am that I am," which means "I am the one who has been revealed throughout your ancestors." In this context, YHWH is not the name of God; rather, God is called in such ways because of what he said to Moses.     

The above saying characterizes me. I am that I am. I am irreplaceable by anything or anyone. I am awesome because I am God's masterpiece. I must believe it. Nothing or no one can bring me down or describe me fully or adequately. No matter what happens, God's love remains strong and unchanged. So I am that I am. 

Biblical Studies and Life

This book was published independently years ago and has been revised. It features a collection of selected essays I wrote during my early teaching career. Some of the chapters include "The Roots of Individualism," "Jesus's Identity and Character Formation in the Gospel of John," and "Whose Righteousness and Faith?" These writings have served as foundational elements that continue to nurture my ongoing research and have deepened my understanding of these topics.

“The Samaritan as a Paragon of Self-Love and Neighborly Love (Luke 10:25-37)”

In December 2024, I had the pleasure of delivering a speech at Yonsei University Graduate School of Theology in Seoul, Korea. Today I revised it for submission to a journal, and I hope it will be published someday. I am contacting one of the journals. The title is “The Samaritan as a Paragon of Self-Love and Neighborly Love (Luke 10:25-37).”

Wisdom

"Wisdom is the fusion of knowledge and experience that empowers us to navigate life's complexities, guiding us to live with insight and purpose across all cultures." (Yung Suk Kim, 2025)

"every thing changes"

諸行無常
“Everything changes.” (anicca, from Buddhist trad.)

הבל
“Vapor, breath” (Eccl. 1:2)

“The only constant in life is change.” (Heraclitus)

“Change is inherent to being human; the key lies in understanding and embracing it. A creative life emerges from a vortex of change.” (Yung Suk Kim)

AT THE INTERSECTION OF HERMENEUTICS AND HOMILETICS

 

This book is ideal for those who don't appreciate the same old approach to traditional interpretation or preaching that fails to consider alternative readings while pushing for a hegemonic perspective. The most salient feature of this edited volume is that multiple, diversely seasoned scholars read the same text from their critical, contextual perspectives. Sometimes, their readings converge; at other times, they diverge, often creating tension or conflict. The book includes three homiletical introductory chapters and ten transgressive readings aimed at transformational preaching.

Embrace Change

"Change is inherent to being human; the key lies in understanding and embracing it. A creative life emerges from a vortex of change."
-Yung Suk Kim

The Lord's Prayer

My passion for creative research has always driven me to venture into less-traveled areas. Recently, I focused on the Lord's Prayer, which is practiced and prayed a lot, yet still needs a fresh reading that has not been argued for before. My focus is resilience and spirituality. I have developed an analytical theory that interprets this profound prayer tradition and immersed myself in scholarly literature. Gradually, I am working toward crafting a book proposal. This endeavor is my summer project.

  

My Rose

This is my rose! I water it every day. It soothes me with gentle beauty.  

My heart blooms with a deep affection for flowers, and at its center stands my cherished rose.
I cradle its tender beauty each day,
watering it with devotion and gentle hands.
It is more than a plant; it is my love incarnate,
a soothing balm that heals my soul,
whispering secrets of hope as its floral leaves unfurl
in the embrace of each new dawn.

Finally, the manuscript was submitted

I am pleased to have submitted the manuscript on the parables today. What's done is done. Until I hear from my editor at the publisher, I will put this behind me and move on to another project.

[tentative cover]

JUSTICE AND THE PARABLES OF JESUS

Interpreting the Gospel Stories through Political Philosophy

Book Description:
This book examines Jesus's parables through the lens of political philosophy, with a particular emphasis on the concept of justice. It poses the foundational question: "What is the right thing to do?" The parables reflect the life issues and complexities of justice in Jesus's time, offering a radical vision based on the reign of God that challenges the prevailing values and justice system of the Roman Empire.

The work explores the multifaceted theme of justice articulated through Jesus's parables, situating his teachings within the socio-political landscape of first-century Palestine. This approach seeks to uncover nuanced interpretations of justice and the moral intricacies inherent in these narratives. The book meticulously categorizes various forms of justice that resonate with the parabolic teachings: distributive, attributive, procedural, social, restorative, compensatory, retributive, global, racial, and environmental justice.

Readers can navigate through chapters aligned with their specific interests, each accompanied by thought-provoking discussion questions designed to foster critical dialogue and reflection. Ultimately, this volume aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and advocating for justice in the modern world, making it an essential resource for scholars, theologians, and anyone interested in the teachings of parables.

 

Below is an excerpt from the last paragraph of the concluding section.

Diversity characterizes how nature survives and thrives. It is crucial for understanding a world where various people and cultures coexist. This implies that no race, culture, tradition, or religion should dominate others. Truth can be discovered across multiple aspects of human life and through diverse perspectives, even when they are difficult to express. Mere differences between cultures do not automatically constitute diversity. We must learn to think collectively, respect one another, and collaborate to create a just society and a better world. Differences in cultures or religions should not be perceived as threats or taboo; instead, they should be viewed as opportunities for mutual engagement and shared learning experiences. Otherwise, cultural or religious arrogance may dominate our social and political landscapes. Ultimately, we need critically engaged diversity to foster global solidarity. While we are different, we also share a common humanity: our honor and duty to uphold and pass on to future generations.

Justice and the Parables of Jesus

My love for parables reaches its apex with the publication of my upcoming book, Justice and Parables, which is expected next year. I have completed the manuscript well in advance and have gone through several rounds of revision, refining it to near submission quality. Despite the ups and downs of my teaching, research, and publications, I have remained dedicated to this topic, resulting in a clearer vision for the book's content.

This book offers a unique perspective on the parables by exploring them through the lens of political philosophy and examining the various forms of justice they articulate. Enough is enough, and now I move on to my next book endeavor.

 

 

Poetry is life

I love poetry, as it reveals profound truths about myself and the world around me. Through the artistry of poetic imagination, I connect with my inner self and engage meaningfully with my environment. Poetry provides comfort; it invigorates my spirit and equips me to navigate each day with resilience. Poets unearth hidden treasures amidst chaos, finding glimmers of hope even in the darkest moments of despair.

   

Beautiful Afternoon

I enjoyed strolling along the boardwalk in my neighborhood on a beautiful afternoon. The steady wind made the trees and plants sway gracefully, as if they were dancing. The sky was a brilliant blue, adorned with drifting white and gray clouds. Everything felt perfectly in harmony, creating a lovely blend of vibrant and subtle colors, both large and small.

academic and practical

I got word that my small essay “The Light Yoke: A Paradox of Yoke, Rest, and Self-Love (Matthew 11:28–30)” will be published in the October issue of Lectionary in the Journal of Currents in Theology and Mission. In my research and writing, I love the academic taste with practical insights.

NEW EDITED BOOK

At the Intersection of Hermeneutics and Homiletics

Transgressive Readings for Transformational Preaching

Edited by Yung Suk Kim (Pickwick, 2025)

The list of contributors

Sample

While hermeneutics involves a comprehensive study of the text, ranging from historical to literary to reader-focused approaches, homiletics is concerned with a selected theme/message and composition and delivery of sermonic discourse set toward a particular audience. However, the border between hermeneutics and homiletics is blurred because both require readers to engage the text from their own contexts.

    This collected volume deals with the intersection of hermeneutics and homiletics by exploring two revelatory texts—one from the Hebrew Bible and the other from the New Testament: the book of Ruth and Matthew 15:21–28 (a Canaanite woman’s encounter with Jesus), which reflect still-agonizing issues readers must tackle: (im)migration, family/community, identity/agency, race/ethnicity, gender, class, culture, economy, and religion, among others. A diverse group of scholars brings their transgressive perspectives to the above texts.
    Unfolding uncharted areas of interest, inquiry, or insight, they will transgress against the authoritative reading of texts, fashion hermeneutic horizon in dialogue with the text, and forge homiletic trajectories toward contemporary audiences. Without limiting interpretation to a box, this volume looks to register bold voices to perennial issues in our day. Homiletic transformation occurs through the relentless, resistant reading of the text and reimagining our world.

“This carefully crated volume is more than an ‘intersection.’ It is an enlivening, collaborative dialogue between exegetes and preachers exploring together certain biblical texts from a variety of interpretive lenses. Transgressive texts in their own right, the book of Ruth and the story of Jesus’s encounter with the Canaanite woman provide a perfect pairing for readings that challenge traditional assumptions while offering fresh insights for the work of transformation. This volume heralds the future of biblical interpretation for communities of faith.”
—William P. Brown, William Marcellus McPheeters Professor of Old Testament, Columbia Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Georgia

“Yung Suk Kim has pursued the question of human transformation in his scholarship. In this edited volume, he invites thirteen distinguished scholars to create a creative space where transformation can occur through preaching—enacted and emboldened by transgressive readings of the Scriptures. Readers will be surprised by the surplus of meanings that flow through the art of embodied interpretation and proclamation, which profoundly engage with current sociopolitical and communal contexts. I highly recommend this book.”
—Jin Young Choi, Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School, Rochester, New York

Spirituality and Mental Health

Rooted in Love, Resilient in Mind

-A Journey into Healing-

 

This book explores the intersection of mental health, spirituality, and the quest for identity. It invites readers to consider the challenges related to mental health, particularly in the context of anxiety and self-discovery. At the crossroads of anxiety and faith, many individuals often feel disoriented and overwhelmed. Yet, within this struggle lies a significant opportunity for growth, understanding, and renewal. Through various strategies, individuals can not only learn to manage anxiety but also engage in a deeper exploration of self. This book integrates insights from biblical studies, cognitive science, and other theories in psychology.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Fostering Mental Health
Chapter 3: Rediscovering the True Self
Chapter 4: Healing through Love and Grace
Chapter 5: Conclusion

Poetry book: Navigating Life's Tapestry

 This poetry book represents the author's heartfelt endeavor to reflect his journey as a biblical scholar who cherishes the profound insights of wisdom. Poetry is a powerful means of communication—not only with himself but also with the world, including the divine and all beings that inhabit it. Filled with his innate curiosity, the book explores the intricacies of life itself. Life, in all its complexity, is both beautiful and challenging. The world I navigate can often be tempestuous, yet it remains a place where I find meaning and purpose. Poetry speaks to me in a language that transcends mere words, and in return, I engage with it as a trusted companion. Through the lens of poetry, I explore the myriad experiences that shape our existence. This poetry book serves not only as an expression of his thoughts but also as an invitation for readers to partake in a dialogue about life and the world we inhabit. Each poem within these pages delves into the multifaceted aspects of life—addressing adversity, embracing hope, and fostering engagement. They pose thought-provoking questions about our struggles while illuminating the glimmers of hope that can be found amidst our challenges. This poetry book resonates with readers, providing both enjoyment and a stimulating conversation about the rich tapestry of life.

 

Contents

Part 1, Life’s Resilience and Hope
Awakening in the Dust
The Fragile Essence
Eternal Present
Water’s Metanoia
Mystery Across Borders
River of Life
Only Love Is True
The Call of the Valley
The Diversity of Beauty
The Path of Resilience

Part 2, Embracing Love and Freedom
Cosmic Love
The Free Wind
A Warm Embrace
Perceptions of Nature
Whisper of Uncertainty
Embracing the Unknown
Forest Reflections
Grace in Every Breath

Part 3, The Journey of Being and Becoming
The Cycle of Being
The Journey of Becoming
The Quest for Truth
Birth from Above
The Value of Today
Embracing Today
Trust the Journey
Echoes of Authenticity
Embracing the Limit
The Power of Imagination
Voices of Sincerity

Dancing Through Life

Conceptualizing love isn't enough; it must be expressed through actions. As James notes, "the body without the spirit is dead," and mere perceptions of love can be equally lifeless. Love is action, manifested in activities like dancing, singing, or helping others.

Once, during a Bible study, a participant asked, "How can I dance when I'm feeling low?" This resonated with our theme of dancing with God. My point was that dancing is possible in any circumstance, both physically and spiritually.

Dancing isn't just a display of joy; it's a holistic expression of our being. In Korea, the dance Hanpoori allows for expressing "Han," feelings of bitterness and pain, transforming these emotions into liberation and empowerment. This dance shows that expression isn't limited to joy but can occur at any emotional state.

Justice and the Parables of Jesus

JUSTICE AND THE PARABLES OF JESUS

Interpreting the Gospel Stories through Political Philosophy

 (T&T Clark, 2026 projected)

 

 Key Words: parables, Jesus, political philosophy, justice, contemporary relevance, transformation

In the final stages of my nearly 80,000-word manuscript, I explore the vital theme of justice. This book examines various types of parables within their historical and literary contexts, highlighting their contemporary relevance. My goal is to illuminate the moral challenges presented in these stories and inspire dialogue about justice and its implications in today's society.

The manuscript covers ten types of justice, including distributive, restorative, and environmental justice, while addressing significant events such as the Sewol Ferry tragedy and the Itaewon Halloween crush in Korea, alongside other global issues. I engage with a diverse range of thinkers, incorporating insights from classical East Asian philosophers like Confucius, Laozi, and Mencius, as well as modern scholars.

Book Description

This book examines Jesus's parables through the lens of political philosophy, with a particular emphasis on the concept of justice. It poses the foundational question: "What is the right thing to do?" The parables reflect the life issues and complexities of justice in Jesus's time, offering a radical vision based on the reign of God that challenges the prevailing values and justice system of the Roman Empire.

The work explores the multifaceted theme of justice articulated through Jesus's parables, situating his teachings within the socio-political landscape of first-century Palestine. This approach seeks to uncover nuanced interpretations of justice and the moral intricacies inherent in these narratives. The book meticulously categorizes various forms of justice that resonate with the parabolic teachings: distributive, attributive, procedural, social, restorative, compensatory, retributive, global, racial, and environmental justice.

Readers can navigate through chapters aligned with their specific interests, each accompanied by thought-provoking discussion questions designed to foster critical dialogue and reflection. Ultimately, this volume aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and advocating for justice in the modern world, making it an essential resource for scholars, theologians, and anyone interested in the teachings of parables.

[shorter version]
This book offers a comprehensive examination of justice as depicted in the parables of Jesus, structured into ten distinct chapters, each dedicated to a specific type of justice. By employing rigorous historical-critical methods and metaphorical interpretations, the book facilitates an in-depth analysis of moral complexities while contextualizing parables within contemporary issues such as environmental, racial, and global justice.
    Readers are empowered to explore the material non-linearly, selecting chapters based on individual interests. Each chapter includes discussion questions designed to promote critical engagement and dialogue in educational settings, thereby enhancing the interpretive process.
    Addressing pressing global concerns like climate change, systemic racism, and social justice, the author asserts that these themes resonate profoundly within the parables' narratives. By situating Jesus's teachings in their historical context of first-century Palestine, the work highlights their relevance in confronting contemporary moral dilemmas. This book invites readers to reevaluate the parables through the lens of justice, encouraging scholars and general readers alike to consider their transformative potential. It positions itself not merely as a study of theological literature but as a vital framework for understanding and advocating for equity in today's multifaceted global context.

 

   

In this book, I introduce readers to ten theories of political philosophy:

Classical liberalism, modern libertarianism, utilitarianism, communitarianism, egalitarianism, virtue theory, intersection of race, gender, class, and sexuality, postcolonial theories, environmentalism, and Marxist theory. 

The ten types of justice discussed in this book are as follows: Distributive, attributive, procedural, social, racial, restorative, compensatory, retributive, global, and environmental.

 

Correct understanding of justification by Paul

I wrote this statement, correcting the traditional doctrine:
"Justification by the grace of God through the faithfulness of Jesus for all who share in his faith."
(Yung Suk Kim, based on Rom 3:21-26)

I wrote extensively about Paul's theology, featuring the threefold gospel, where three elements are essential: God's righteousness, Jesus's faithfulness, and Christian participation in the faith of Jesus. 

For example, see my recent publication, How to Read Paul (Fortress, 2021). 

The more I teach, the more I am convinced about this.

"At the Intersection of Hermeneutics and Homiletics"

book link 

“This carefully crated volume is more than an ‘intersection.’ It is an enlivening, collaborative dialogue between exegetes and preachers exploring together certain biblical texts from a variety of interpretive lenses. Transgressive texts in their own right, the book of Ruth and the story of Jesus’s encounter with the Canaanite woman provide a perfect pairing for readings that challenge traditional assumptions while offering fresh insights for the work of transformation. This volume heralds the future of biblical interpretation for communities of faith.”
—William P. Brown, William Marcellus McPheeters Professor of Old Testament, Columbia Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Georgia

“Yung Suk Kim has pursued the question of human transformation in his scholarship. In this edited volume, he invites thirteen distinguished scholars to create a creative space where transformation can occur through preaching—enacted and emboldened by transgressive readings of the Scriptures. Readers will be surprised by the surplus of meanings that flow through the art of embodied interpretation and proclamation, which profoundly engage with current sociopolitical and communal contexts. I highly recommend this book.”
—Jin Young Choi, Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School, Rochester, New York

editorial board

I am thrilled to be part of the editorial board of Perspectives in Religious Studies, a renowned journal with a rich history rooted in Baptist schools, and I am grateful for the Nominating Committee's invitation to join this esteemed group. My term begins in July 2025 and ends in 2029 (a 4-year term).

1 Cor 6:17 (ὁ δὲ κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν)

1 Cor 6:17

ὁ δὲ κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν.

"But anyone united to the Lord becomes one spirit with him" (NRSVue).

Paul argues that Christians should cleave to Jesus and his way of life, remembering his grace and faithfulness. Then, a Christian's spirit will be united with the spirit of Christ, which means there is one mind, one will, and one action that seeks God's will on earth: all people's deliverance from evil and their sanctification.

Otherwise, Paul does not seek a mere unity of the community like the hierarchical conception of a society based on homonoia (unity or concord) that does not advocate for the weak members. Rather, he envisions a new community of God based on Christly examples. This vision will be realized only when people share in the spirit of Jesus, following his way of life. 

Likewise, in 1 Cor 12:27 ("You are the body of Christ, and individually members of it"), his argument is not to establish a unified community based on an organism model but to emphasize Christ-ruled living and community. That is, Christ-followers must embody his spirit. The Corinthians are a Christic body, a Christ-ruled community. Individually and communally, they must follow the way of Jesus. The sense of the body Paul uses here is not an organism but a site of living (cf, 1 Cor 6:20: "For you were bought with a price; therefore, glorify God in your body").  

For more about this argument, you may want to read my recent book How to Read Paul: A Brief Introduction to His Theology, Writings, and World and other articles, including “Reclaiming Christ’s Body (soma christou): Embodiment of God’s Gospel in Paul’s Letters,” Interpretation 67.1 (2013): 20-29.

The above point began with my doctoral dissertation, which led to the publication of my debut book, Christ's Body in Corinth: The Politics of a Metaphor, in 2008.

BOOK REVIEW OF "HOW TO READ PAUL"

I just discovered my book review in RBL (Review of Biblical Literature).

"Kim has given instructors another tool to introduce Paul and his theology to introductory students. There is a lot packed into this book, and that means there is a lot that can be unpacked productively from it. Thanks to Kim for his effort to bring Paul and his theology alive for a new generation of students." ---James W. Aaegeson, in RBL Feb 2025

Whose Faith? (Gal 2:20)

I am now more convinced than ever that when Paul refers to the faithfulness of Christ Jesus in Galatians 2:20, he is emphasizing his relationship with Jesus. The traditional translation often supports the doctrine of justification by faith, as seen in the NIV: "I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me." However, Paul's main point is to highlight that the one living in him is not himself, but Christ. Therefore, he must live by Christ's faithfulness.

For example, the NRSVue says, "And it is no longer I who live, but it is Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me." 

See also the CEB and NET, which all follow the subjective genitive transition: "by the faithfulness of God's Son" and "because of the faithfulness of the Son of God."

"I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And the life that I now live in my body, I live by faith, indeed, by the faithfulness of God’s Son, who loved me and gave himself for me." (Gal 2:20, CEB)

"I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. So the life I now live in the body, I live because of the faithfulness of the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. (Gal 2:20, NET)

I hope that more people will understand what Paul means by faith in Galatians 2:20. His point isn't about his own faith in Jesus, as he believes he no longer exists, at least theologically. Instead, he refers to the faith of Jesus, which serves as the driving force for his new life. 

For more about my views of Paul, read my latest book on Paul: How to Read Paul. Other Pauline verses about the genitive case of Pistis Christou are Rom 3:21-22, 3:26, Gal 2:16, and Phil 3:9. 

See also related posts:

A brief analysis of Gal 2:20

Pistis Christou Texts 

A Bone of Contention

Sanders's book review

Pistis Christou video.

Truth Telling about the Cross

Truth telling is essential to my vocation. I don’t claim to know everything, but I dare to speak the truth based on my understanding. I convey my scholarly insights through speaking, writing, and engaging with others. One topic I am particularly passionate about is the discussion surrounding the cross of Jesus.

Confusion about the Cross: True Meaning of the Good News

"The Cross of Christ in African American Christian Religious Experience"

 

I want to bring your attention to a book by one of my colleagues, Dr. Demetrius K. Williams: The Cross of Christ in African American Christian Religious Experience: Piety, Politics, and Protest (Lexington Books, 2023).

I reviewed his book, which will be published in the April 2025 issue of Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology (79.1). My understanding of African American religious experience has become deeper now because of this provocative, transformative, deeply spiritual, and insightful book. Simply put, it is a soulful book.

Dr. Williams engaged in an extensive discussion about his book in an interview with the Calvin Institute of Christian Worship.

Justice and the Parables of Jesus

I received peer reviewers' comments through my publisher. Of course, I don't know who they are other than they know me. Their critical feedback is indeed gratifying. There are things I missed and will improve because of their review. There are also things they love and affirm in my book. Book writing is not a solitary task. I appreciate all of them.

I am truly uplifted by the positive feedback I received on my book proposal. All four readers highlighted its strengths. The quotes below are paraphrases of the original words.

Reader 1 stated, “The book presents an interdisciplinary and unifying question that is accessible to lay readers while acknowledging the social, political, and ethical implications of Jesus's teachings.”

Reader 2 noted, “The book's relevance to students who study and interpret the parables of Jesus from a justice perspective is significant.” I am particularly encouraged to emphasize the importance of the Greek translation (e.g., Matthew 20:15) in the study of these parables.

Reader 3 commented, “The use of comparative cross-cultural materials, such as the Dao De Jing, is commendable.” Based on this feedback, I plan to include Confucianism in the discussion by drawing on the Analects, as they contain relevant insights concerning justice.

Reader 4 remarked, “The book clearly and intelligently introduces readers to Jesus’ parables, makes a strong case for the theme of justice concerning them, and persuasively advocates for the use of political philosophy in biblical interpretation.”

This feedback has been incredibly encouraging as I continue to refine my work.

Analects 13:23

君子和而不同。小人同而不和。

"The noble person seeks harmony while remaining distinct from others. In contrast, the small person desires uniformity without achieving true harmony." (Analects 13:23, trans. by Yung Suk Kim)

My commentary:
The wise individual pursues harmony or coexistence while remaining unique. Such a person embraces diversity while maintaining authenticity and striving for a greater community. On the other hand, the petty individual conforms to the majority without considering the importance of achieving deeper harmony.

Photo courtesy of Inhee Lee 2025

Analects 13:25

[13-25] 子曰。君子易事而難說也。說之不以道、不說也。及其使人也、器之。小人難事而易說也。說之雖不以道、說也。及其使人也、求備焉。

Analects 13:25: The Master said: "A noble person is easy to work for but difficult to satisfy. If you try to win their approval through questionable methods, they will not be pleased. When they assign tasks to others, they do so according to each person's abilities. In contrast, an inferior person is difficult to work for but easy to please. Even if you resort to deceitful tactics to make them happy, they will still be satisfied. When hiring others, they tend to exploit their workers to the fullest extent possible" (trans. by Yung Suk Kim). 

Pep Talk about Human Transformation and Mental Health

A sustainable transformation must involve both human and social transformation. We should not focus on either one or the other. Both are fundamental to our daily lives and maintaining our overall health. Any discussion of transformation must begin with questions about human transformation. I initially recorded my talk on my phone. Then, I combined the audio file with photos and made a video file through an app. The same episode can also be found on Spotify.

2024 Ellison-Jones Convocation

I remember speaking at the faculty panel during the annual 2024 Ellison-Jones Convocation. I felt energized as I discussed the implications of biblical studies for politics. We must approach our studies with honesty and transparency, and there are no sacred topics that we should avoid or shy away from.

My talk is entitled “The Danger of a Singular Order: Joshua’s Conquest Narrative of Canaan, Jesus’s Dealing with a Canaanite Woman, and Christian Nationalists’ Reading of the Bible.” A briefer title for publication is "The Danger of a Singular Order: Engaging with Some Controversial Texts."

One thing significantly lacking in libertarian hermeneutics and homiletics is self-criticism.
Yes, we need self-knowledge that we are precious and weak (frail).
Yes, we need social change. We can be critical of others and other things.
But we need more than anything; that is self-criticism, which is not the same as criticizing the self.
Self-criticism is a recognition that we all need continual awakening. We all need deconstruction.

Toward that goal, we must study and read various things, including books, society, and the self.

• The danger of a singular order
• Oppressors and the oppressed are everywhere: external and internal
• True liberation from everything and everywhere
• God’s effectiveness to those who change

Knowledge and Humility: A Peek into Thoughts of Jesus and Classical Philosophers

Photo courtesy of Jonghoon Jeong

Jesus exemplifies humility by acknowledging that he does not know everything. On three occasions, he demonstrates this humility and recognition of his limitations. For instance, Jesus states that he does not know about the time of the end of the world (Mark 13:32); only God knows. Additionally, when a man addresses him as "Good Teacher," Jesus replies, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except for God alone" (Mark 10:18). He also shares a parable called The Seed Growing Secretly, emphasizing that the work of God is beyond human control (Mark 4:26-29). This suggests that there are things that only God can manage, while there are other things within human capability. Overall, the Gospel of Mark showcases the essential qualities of Jesus's humanity.

Classical philosophers also recognize human limitations. Socrates believes that knowledge is inherently limited. Confucius states, "If you know something, you know it. But if you don't know something, you don't know it" (Analects 2:13). Laozi further adds, "Knowing not to know is the best. Pretending to know when you do not is the worst disease" (Dao De Jing 71). He even warns against biases with the phrase, "Taste without taste." This emphasizes the importance of an open mind approach.

The mindset of acknowledging "I don't know" is fundamental to our identity and crucial for living a healthy life. Knowledge is not static; it evolves continuously over time. Einstein notes: "Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the entire world" (quoted in p. 96 of Maggie Jackson's book, *Uncertain*).

Assignments for Working Preacher

Photo courtesy of Working Preacher

Again, I received an invitation to write for Working Preacher for April and May 2026 commentaries (4 pieces) on four texts in John's Gospel. Previously, I wrote on Paul's letters, Matthew, Acts, and 1 Peter (12 commentaries for this site). I was told that in the past 12 months, Working Preacher garnered more than six million visits from 200 countries. I love this kind of assignment because it is short yet deeply engaging. 

-4/2/2026: Maunday Thursday (John 13:1-17, 31b-35)
-4/3/2026: Good Friday (John 18:1-19:42)
-4/12/2026: Second Sunday of Easter (John 20:19-31)
-5/10/2026: Sixth Sunday of Easter (John 14:15-21)

Textual Criticism Matters: In the Case of John 3:18

 If you ever wonder about Christology in John's Gospel, you must first tackle John 1:18.